Very old buildings simply had a standard door bell in each unit and a series of buttons in the foyer. A separate run of wires was daisy-chained through every unit, each having a button in parallel connected to it. When your visitor rang your doorbell, you would hold down the button for several seconds, triggering an electric strike in the main door. The disadvantage of this system is no communication with the visitor prior to letting them in the building. Some people wanting to get in would ring a random doorbell in the hope that the occupants would release the door.
Our system might as well be like that, as it's very difficult to hear what is said. We do have the advantage of being right by the main door though. So we can open our own door and have a look to see who is there.