The normal bias voltage on landline phones is something between 24 and 60VDC, usually the same value of AC (25 or 30Hz) superimposed on it when ringing. The lighting can not cause classic ringing, but it can cause dings. Mainly when wiring goes above ground, it forms rather long antenna, capable to pick up a lot of things. The voltage had to be limited by surge arresters to some kV peak (well below what the insulation should be able to handle), but often these protectors became faulty without anyone noticing. Then the surge could remain unclamped and so break down the case insulation and so form safety hazard. Therefore the recommendation to not use it at storms...
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