I guess this is a cinema studio spotlight:
- the shape and especially the Fresnel lens are typical of this type of projector (
see here);
- I don't think there's enough room for an automatic feed regulator (a system that maintains the correct distance between the carbon rods, so that the arc is maintained), so this might be a manual regulator from the bottom – which excludes transportation usages such as trains or trolleys;
- most of trolleys and steam engines used oil lanterns because they were very reliable; I read that carbon arc projectors were tested on trains, but the brilliant white light created a halo under the rain or in some humid conditions, so railroad engineers kept oil projectors.