They were originally thermal starters with the heating coil in series with the bulb and the bimetallic contacts wired where a typical 2 pin glowbottle starter would be wired. The thermal starters were desgined to easily start the F90T17 tubes, even in cold conditions. Later, glowbottle retrofits were made (some of which I own). These simply have a brass shorting strip wired in series with the bulb, and the glowbottle part wired where a 2 pin starter would normally be wired.
Hope this helps.